Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh has just bagged a historic title — it’s now India’s first High-Altitude Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme.
This major announcement was made at the 37th session of UNESCO’s International Coordinating Council, held in Hangzhou, China, from September 26–28, 2025. With this recognition, India now boasts 13 sites in UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), placing Spiti Valley’s stark yet breathtaking trans-Himalayan landscape firmly on the global conservation map.
India’s Environment Minister, Bhupender Yadav, praised the achievement as a sign of the country’s commitment to biodiversity and sustainable development. The Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh highlighted the need to protect the fragile ecosystem while fostering nature-friendly tourism.
Landmark for Nature and Travel
Spread across 7,770 sq. km in the Lahaul-Spiti district, the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve covers elevations from 3,300 to 6,600 meters. The reserve includes the Pin Valley National Park, Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandratal Wetland, Sarchu Plains, and the scenic Baralacha Pass.
This recognition is a milestone not just for environmental conservation but also for the tourism industry. Spiti Valley has long been a bucket-list destination for trekkers, wildlife lovers, and adventure travelers. With its new UNESCO tag, the region is set to attract more responsible eco-tourism and global researchers, creating new opportunities for local communities.
During the session, six countries—Angola, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Iceland, Oman, and Tajikistan—were designated their first-ever biosphere reserves. In addition to these, new reserves were also established in Albania, China, Ethiopia, France, Greece, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mongolia, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, and Sweden.
Why Does Spiti Stand Out?
Despite its extreme climate — freezing winters, thin air, and rugged terrain — the cold desert supports a rich biodiversity. The reserve is home to 17 species of mammals, including the elusive snow leopard, Himalayan ibex, Tibetan wolf, red fox, and more than 119 bird species, such as the Golden Eagle and Bearded Vulture.
The region also shelters 732 species of vascular plants, including rare medicinal herbs central to the traditional Sowa Rigpa (Amchi) healing system. Iconic plants like Willow-leaved sea-buckthorn, Himalayan birch, and Persian juniper thrive in this fragile ecosystem.
Blending Culture, Nature, and Heritage
Around 12,000 people live in scattered villages across the reserve, sustaining age-old traditions of yak and goat herding, barley and pea farming, Tibetan herbal medicine, and Buddhist monastic practices. These communities have long balanced their lives in harmony with nature, protecting fragile alpine resources through community councils.
UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay highlighted that biosphere reserves are spaces where “new ways of balancing nature conservation with sustainable livelihoods are being forged every day.” This balance is especially vital for Spiti, where climate change and mass tourism pose real challenges.
A Boost for Eco-Tourism and Research
The UNESCO listing is expected to bring global attention, funding, and eco-tourism opportunities to the valley. Visitors can now explore Spiti not just as a travel destination but as a living laboratory of mountain ecology, traditional culture, and wildlife conservation.
Spiti invites you to explore its picture-perfect villages
Spiti Valley is a stunning cold desert that combines nature’s beauty with rich heritage. Surrounded by barren peaks and mirror-like lakes, the valley offers an otherworldly experience. Ancient Buddhist monasteries, rugged landscapes, and charming villages create a sense of serenity. With thrilling trekking trails and glimpses of rare wildlife like snow leopards, Spiti promises an unforgettable escape in the Himalayas, whether you seek adventure or peace.
How to Reach Spiti Valley
By Road
- Via Shimla (Open All Year)
The Shimla–Reckong Peo–Nako–Tabo–Kaza route: safest and most dependable, even in winter.
Distance: Shimla to Kaza – ~420 km
Suggested Route: Shimla → Chitkul/Sangla → Reckong Peo → Nako → Kaza
- Via Manali (Summer Route Only)
The Manali–Rohtang–Kunzum–Kaza route remains closed in winter due to heavy snowfall, but reopens around late May/June.
- By Bus: HRTC (Himachal Road Transport Corporation) runs buses from Shimla to Reckong Peo and Kaza. However, winter schedules can be unpredictable.
From Delhi to Spiti Valley
- By Road: Take a bus/taxi from Delhi to Shimla.
- By Train: The Nearest railway station is Shimla Railway Station (~400 km from Spiti).
- By Air: No direct flight to the Spiti Valley.
- Nearest Domestic Airport: Kullu-Manali Airport (Bhuntar): ~400 km from Spiti.
- Nearest International Airport: Chandigarh Airport: ~522 km from Spiti.
Places to visit in the Spiti Valley
Spiti Valley, often referred to as “Little Tibet,” boasts breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks, crystal-clear rivers, and charming villages. Whether you are in search of adventure, culture, or tranquility, Spiti Valley promises an unforgettable experience. Here are some must-visit places in the Spiti Valley:
- Key Monastery: Locally known as Key Gompa, this monastery is a significant spiritual center.
- Pin Valley National Park: Himachal Pradesh’s Only National Park, located in a cold desert area.
- Chicham Bridge: Asia’s highest bridge, offering spectacular views.
- Hikkim: The Highest post office in the world
- Komic Village: The Highest village in the world that is accessible by a motorable road.
- Langza: Known as the land of fossils, visit the Buddha statue that overlooks the village from a hilltop.
Spiti Valley is more than just a destination — it’s a harmonious blend of nature, culture, and adventure. Now recognized as India’s first High-Altitude Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve, the valley stands as a beacon of sustainable living amid some of the harshest yet most breathtaking landscapes on Earth. From its ancient monasteries and picture-perfect villages to its rare wildlife and fragile alpine ecosystem, Spiti offers an experience that is both humbling and inspiring. As eco-tourism grows and conservation efforts strengthen, Spiti continues to invite travelers, researchers, and nature lovers to explore its otherworldly beauty while preserving its timeless heritage.
Come and explore the charm of Spiti Valley — visit in a way that’s responsible and help out with its conservation efforts!
FAQs
How many biosphere reserves are there in India in 2025?
India has 18 biosphere reserves, 13 of which are part of UNESCO’s network, including the recently added Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve.
What is the area covered by the Spiti Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve?
The reserve spans 7,770 sq. km in the Lahaul-Spiti district, covering elevations from 3,300 to 6,600 meters.
What kind of wildlife can be found in Spiti Valley?
The reserve is home to 17 species of mammals, including snow leopards, Himalayan ibex, and Tibetan wolves, and over 119 bird species, such as Golden Eagles and Bearded Vultures.
How can one reach the Spiti Valley by road?
You can access Spiti Valley via two routes:
- Shimla Route (open year-round): Shimla → Chitkul/Sangla → Reckong Peo → Nako → Kaza (about 420 km).
- Manali Route (summer only): Manali → Rohtang → Kunzum → Kaza.
Are there airports or trains near Spiti Valley?
Yes, the nearest railway station is in Shimla (~400 km from Spiti). The nearest domestic airport is Kullu-Manali Airport (Bhuntar) (~400 km), and the nearest international airport is Chandigarh Airport (~522 km).
What are the must-visit places in Spiti Valley?
You can explore Key Monastery in Pin Valley National Park, Chicham Bridge (the highest in Asia), Hikkim (the world’s highest post office), Komic Village (one of the highest motorable villages), and Langza Village (known for fossils and a Buddha statue).
